Importance Of Intracellular Bound Nucleus And Organelles...

Describe, using named examples and annotated diagrams where appropriate, membrane-bound nucleus and organelles within eukaryotes cells; explain evolutionary advantages of intracellular compartmentalization. Living cells are the functional biological building blocks of animals. They come together to form complex organic tissues, organs, and whole bodies, as well as some of these organisms themselves existing in a unicellular form. Cells vary in size and dimension, with Eukaryotes ranging from 1x10-3m to 1x10-4m in length, whilst the smaller and less structurally complex Prokaryotes exist between measurements of 1x10-4m to 1x10-7m in length. This size is contained by the cell membrane; providing surface area, whilst the three-dimensional formations offer volume to the cell, which comes from the structural sum of all constituents present in the cytoplasm. Cells have evolved; they are small in order to benefit from a large surface area to volume ratio. An increased surface area is very advantageous as it allows more sites for protein carriers to transport nutrients into the cell, as well as encouraging more biochemical reactions on the surface, and across the membrane. With both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes having ability to transport multiple nutrients and molecules into the cell, a range of reactions can take place within these cells. All the vital catalysts, reactants and reagents required to make use of these transported substances are in the cytoplasm of both types ofShow MoreRelatedAbout Cells Essay2434 Words   |  10 Pageson. These large polymeric molecules, or macromolecules, are proteins, made from linear chains of amino acids, DNA and RNA (nucleic acids made from nucleotide bases), and polysaccharides (made of sugar subunits). Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes There is a fundamental division, in size and in internal organization, between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, found only in bacteria and cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae), are relativelyRead MoreThe Endoplasmic Reticulum1644 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the central intracellular organelle providing stringent quality control systems to protein synthesis. Upon accumulation of misfolded/ unfolded proteins in the ER, eukaryotic cells have developed an evolutionarily conserved adaptive mechanism, unfolded protein response (UPR), to clear these proteins and restore ER homeostasis. The ability to respond to perturbations in ER function is critical for cell survival but chronic or amplified ER stress canRead MoreAn Outline of the Cell Theory Essay3791 Words   |  16 Pagestheory replaces the former ideas of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis in which inanimate matter assembles itself into living forms †¢ Exception: muscle cells- more than 1 nucleus, very long; (fungal cells) hyphae roots- not a single unit; protoctista- not specialized to single function; subcellular things like organelles 2.1.2 Discuss the evidence for the cell theory (3). †¢ Robert Hooke first described cells in 1665 while observing cork with a microscope he built. Coined the term â€Å"cell† †¢ AntoineRead MoreIb Bio Hl Chap 1 Cell9873 Words   |  40 PagesSATHAR MOHD 2012-2014 13. The electron micrograph below shows an organelle in a eukaryotic cell. What is the area labelled X and what is the type of reaction occurring there? [Source: http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cell_structure.php] X A. B. C. D. 13. D matrix stroma stroma matrix Reaction photolysis Krebs cycle photolysis Krebs cycle [1] 14. In which of the following cells can more than one nucleus be found? A. B. C. D. An unfertilized egg Neuron Sertoli cell Muscle fibre Read MoreCell Biology Final Essay30093 Words   |  121 Pages__________________________________ Date: ______________Comprehensive Study Guide. Test will only be Multiple choice 1. The feature that most clearly separates eukaryotes from prokaryotes is the presence of _______ in eukaryotic cells. A) ribosomes B) oxidative phosphorylation C) DNA molecules -D) a nucleus 2. Cytoplasmic organelles are - A) absent in prokaryotic cells; present in eukaryotic cells. B) present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. C) present in prokaryotic cells;Read MoreBio 101 Essay24965 Words   |  100 PagesBiology  relies  heavily  on  the  use  of  numbers,  measurements  and  calculations.  Ã‚  Consequently,  scientists   use  a  universal  measuring  standard  called  the  metric  system.  Ã‚  Because  the  metric  system  is  based  on   units  of  ten,  it  simplifies  making  conversions  within  that  system.   The  basic  units  of  measurement  in  the  metric  system  are:   ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   Gram:  when  measuring  mass.   ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   Liter:  when  measuring  liquid  volume.   ï‚ ·Ã¯â‚¬   Meter:  when  measuring  distance.  Ã‚   Note:  In  the  table  below  meters  are  shown   as  an  exampleRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pages 78-81 Light 82-91 Sound 92 Simple Machines 93-99 Unit 5 The Physical Environment Weather and Climate 100-113 Soils 114-128 Unit 6 Living things in the Environment Plant and animal cells 129 Eukaryotes vs prokaryotes 130 Structures and functions 133-137 Microbes 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Seed structure and germination 155-157 Reproduction in plants 158-165 Sexually transmitted

Mark Twains Ideas of Racism in Huckleberry Finn and...

Mark Twains Ideas of Racism in Huckleberry Finn and Puddnhead Wilson Mark Twain had written two very similar novels that are based on the ideas of racism, or prejudice against certain races,(in this case, Afro-American during his lifetime. These two novels, Huckleberry Finn and Puddnhead Wilson, depict a very satirical yet realistic view of the way society behaves and how people in general live and grow in different social systems or positions. Huck Finn depicts a strong basis on racism and society, where as Puddnhead Wilson illustrates how slavery and racism are portrayed in his society. There is a major argument among literary critics whether The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, is or is not a racist novel. The†¦show more content†¦These social injustices are even more evident when Huck and Jim have to make landfall, and this provides Twain with the chance to satirize the socially correct injustices that Huck and Jim encounter on land. The satire that Twain uses to expose the racism and injustice of society develops along with the adventures that Huck and Jim have. Throughout the book we see the hypocrisy of society. The first character we come across with that trait is Miss Watson. Miss Watson constantly corrects Huck for his unacceptable behavior, but Huck doesnt understand why, That is just the way with some people. They get down on a thing when they dont know nothing about it. Later when Miss Watson tries to teach Huck about Heaven, he decides against trying to go there, ...she was going to live so as to go the good place. Well, I couldnt see no advantage in going where she was going, so I made up my mind I wouldnt try for it. The comments made by Huck clearly show Miss Watson as a hypocrite, scolding Huck for wanting to smoke and then using snuff herself and firmly believing that she would be in heaven. This example finds Huck again running to freedom of the river. The river never cares how saintly you are, how rich you are, or what society thinks you are. The river allows Huck the one thing that Huck wants to be, and that is Huck. The ri ver is freedom than the land is oppression, and that oppression is no more evident than it is to Jim. It can be considered that the riverShow MoreRelated Mark Twains Writings and Race Essay1954 Words   |  8 PagesMark Twains Writings and Race Samuel Langhorne Clemens, whom readers know as Mark Twain, has written many novels including The Adventures of Tom Sawyer in 1876; The Prince and the Pauper in 1882; Puddin’ Head Wilson in 1883; and Twain’s masterpiece The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which was completed in 1883 (Simpson 103). Throughout Mark Twain’s writings, Twain had written about the lifestyle in the South the way it was in truth and detail. Mark Twain was not predjudice in his writings,Read MoreMark Twain s Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1562 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens) Introduction Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835- April 21, 1910), commonly known as Mark Twain was an American writer whose works act as social commentary on issues including racism, poverty and class distinctions. His most distinguished novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) convey the vanquished way of life in the pre-Civil War Mississippi Valley and life on the river. His unpretentious, colloquialRead MoreEssay Mark Twain2590 Words   |  11 PagesMark Twain As one of Americas first and foremost realists and humorists, Mark Twain, usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experience. # Two of his best-known novels show this trait, in his Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain immortalized the sleepy little town of Hannibal,

Animals Have Souls! Free Essays

Alexis Clendenin Gabriel 21 March, 2013 English IV Senior Project Animals have souls. Should Animal Experimentation for Medical Research be banned? Throughout history, animal experimentation has played an imperative role in leading to new discoveries and human advantages. However, many people tend to forget the great numbers of animal that have suffered serious damage during the process of experimentation. We will write a custom essay sample on Animals Have Souls! or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people misunderstand the nature the lives that animals actually live, and are unable to understand the actual laboratory procedures and techniques. Animal experimentation should be excluded because it is inhumane, unethical, and there are safer ways to test products. According to the latest US statistics, â€Å"Nearly one million animals were tortured, mutilated and killed in US laboratories in 2009. †(Business Wire) The most common animals used for experimentation are mice, rats, rabbits, primates, dogs, cats; no animal is safe from experimentation. (PETA) Animals should be roaming free, not lying in a cold cage not knowing what’s about to transpire upon them. In the laboratory, animals are compelled to inhaling, ingesting getting injected with lethal substances. PETA) Humans have stronger rights than animals since we can reason rationally. We use animals to eat them, play with them, and wear their skins. Most vital, we use them as test subjects for medical purposes. The research has led us to discoveries which have saved millions of lives. The outcomes have led to immunizations against polio, mumps, hepatitis, di phtheria, and rubella; which have saved countless lives. (Gale, 2) Researching animals is crucial for scientists, medical societies, and health agencies all over the world to enhance the lives of humans. Government regulations around the world require that new drugs, vaccines and surgical implants first be tested in animals for potential toxic reactions. † (Gale, 1) The testing of animals is the only guaranteed way we can continue our production of safe medicines. Without animal testing scientists cannot be optimistic that all medicines on the market are safe and reliable. To be helpful to human beings, the drugs should be tested using human cells, tissues, and organs. Recent technological developments made it possible to replace experimenting on animals. The use of cell culture, analytical technology, micro-organism tests, and computer models are some examples of additional approaches for medical research. (O’Neill, 2) Scientists only want to obtain the best results and that is why they test on animals. Animals and humans can have the similar medical issues. (Gale, 1)†Opposition to all animal testing would require a life without drugs, vaccines, painkillers, anesthetics, and surgery. †(Gale 2) If we didn’t have any treatments to any illnesses, would the human species survive? The answer is unknown. Every day in the United States animals are beaten, neglected, or forced to struggle for survival. Left in unsanitary conditions with no food or water, they have little hope as they live out their days without the compassion they deserve. Some are found and rescued, given the chance to experience how great life and humans can be; others aren’t so lucky. To grow as a nation, we must fight for these abused animals’ rights and severely punish heartless owners. It is up to us to speak for these creatures who lack a voice, for who will if we don’t? One of the first steps in protecting animals and creating effective cruelty laws is knowing what animal cruelty actually is. There are two categories: passive cruelty and active cruelty. The first involves acts of omission, meaning the abuse happens as a result of neglect or lack of action. Passive cruelty might seem less serious, but that is not the case; it can lead to terrible pain and suffering, and ultimately death. Examples include starvation, dehydration, untreated parasite infestations, inadequate shelter in extreme weather conditions, and the failure to get medical care. Passive cruelty is sometimes due to the owner’s ignorance, so many animal control officers will first try to educate neglectful owners on how to properly care for animals before giving them a citation or placing them under arrest. Active cruelty, on the other hand, is more well known and disturbing. Sometimes referred to as non-accidental injury, this type of abuse involves purposefully inflicting harm on an animal in order to feel more powerful or gain control. Active cruelty against animals should be taken very seriously, since it can be a sign that a person has serious psychological issues and may commit more acts of violence – possibly against humans. It is hard to tell just what drives people to harm innocent animals. â€Å"According to a 1997 study done by the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and Northeastern University, animal abusers are five times more likely to commit violent crimes against people and four times more likely to commit property crimes than are individuals without a history of animal abuse,† says Pet-abuse. om. It is vital to report people who hurt animals. Most animal abusers find some sort of fulfillment or power in torturing a victim they know can’t fight back, which is why crimes like rape and child molestation are committed. While not all animal abusers become serial killers or rapists, it is important to take every case seriously. For example, Carroll Edward Col e was a West Coast serial killer who may have murdered as many as 35 women in the 1970s and was executed in 1985. Based on Cole’s testimony, his first violent act was strangling a puppy. The Columbine school shooting is another example of animal abuse as a precursor to human violence. Before killing 12 classmates and then turning the guns on themselves, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebod had bragged to friends about mutilating animals. If these acts had been reported to authorities and taken seriously, these two young men might have been put in a proper facility and helped, possibly avoiding the horrific massacre. Given these examples, it’s hard to imagine why all states don’t take animal cruelty seriously. Alaska, Arkansas, Idaho, Mississippi, North Dakota, and South Dakota have no felony provisions for cruelty to animals. According to the Humane Society, a good felony anticruelty law should protect all animals, apply to first-time offenders, carry large fines and lengthy prison time, have no exemptions, require convicted abusers to get counseling at their own expense, and prohibit abusers from owning or living among animals. Along with these laws we need officials who will strongly enforce them. Police, psychologists, and even the FBI recognize the link between animal cruelty and violence against people. To better protect communities, all states should institute strong penalties and work to increase public awareness of these crimes. It’s not only up to the legal system to ensure that communities across the country are aware and educated about animal cruelty. There are plenty of things everyday citizens can do. The simplest action is for people to take care of their own pets and learn the facts so they can educate others on proper animal care. Another easy way to help is by donating to or volunteering at a local animal shelter. Contrary to popular belief, volunteering doesn’t require a lot of time; simply going in a few hours a week helps tremendously. Finally, by writing letters you can remind your local lawmakers that animal abuse is a real problem that needs to be addressed. Taking a few minutes to support this worthy cause not only helps animals, it allows you to feel proud about standing up for something so important to society. It is our job to be the voice for creatures who cannot speak up for themselves. As a nation we need to make it our priority to come together and ensure the safety of our beloved pets. As Margaret Mead once said, â€Å"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has. † How to cite Animals Have Souls!, Essay examples

Ensuring Team Effectiveness Primarily Organisation

Question: Describe about the Ensuring Team Effectiveness for Primarily Organisation. Answer: Team cohesion is a challenging factor to maintain in an organization primarily because it is challenging to maintain the reason behind the team coming together. Thus, the aim of team cohesion is to prevent team fragmentation which will result in poor performance of the team (Du Plessis Mabunda 2016). To maintain team cohesion at Fit and Fab, mentoring and buddy systems will be put in place. The essence of these systems will be to increase the support that the members of the gym provide each other. Some new members are not yet used to the organization. Using mentorship programs, the older members of the team can show their support to the individual allowing for better relationships among the team members. Training and development will also be an approach that will be used to foster better team cohesion. The members will be trained on how to foster a healthy relationship with one another. Describe the policies and procedures that you will put in place to assist with building the team. To enhance team cohesion, there will be policies and procedures which specify the responsibilities and roles of each member of the team. According to motivational theories, when an employee knows what is expected of him or her by the management, he or she will be motivated towards meeting these expectations (Schneider et al. 2015). Thus, for the Fit and Fab team, there should be specific roles that each team member performs. That will show the team members that they are valuable members of the team motivating them to work hard. By setting up these policies, there will be reduced conflict because everyone will be responsible for his or her actions. The advantage of this is that the company will save the resources it would have used in settling conflicts at the workplace. Therefore, these policies will increase the ease with which the team members associate increasing team cohesion. What strategies will you use if problems arise within the team? I will develop processes that will ensure that problems, issues, and concerns are identified and addressed as a team. Being a team means that they should have mechanisms to address these problems in ways that will not cause conflicts. Workplace conflicts will cause inconveniences to the gym clients reducing their appreciation for the services they receive (Fox Keisling 2016). Thus, avoiding these conflicts require that the team members to have a code of conduct that will promote the team effectiveness of achieving its goals. Having the entire team agree on a common code will make it easier to identify who breaks the code and make an effort to punish the culprits. The code will be an instrument of order within the team increasing accountability among the team members. Increased accountability will increase the team cohesion by building trust among them. Who will be the stakeholders and how will you liaise with them? The stakeholders in the case of Fit and Fab will be the clientele of the gym. The reason behind this is that they are the ones affected directly by the effectiveness of the team. If the trainers are motivated, their effectiveness in their service delivery will increase (Senecal et al. 2008). Ultimately customer satisfaction is the ultimate commodity that an organization seeks. It is the situation when the clients are satisfied with the performance of the organization. The advantage of the situation is that it will increase customer loyalty. The threat of substitution comes in with the presence of other gyms so that the consumers have other options (Million Bossaller 2015). When the team from the gym provides quality service, the clients will opt to remain loyal to the gym. To liaise with this group, there will be a suggestion box available to the clients where they can provide customer feedback. Identify the costs to be considered The gym will have to prepare for the changes that will be implemented. For instance, during the implementation of the mentorship and buddy system, there will be costs incurred such as team building holidays where the entire team is taken on excursion and team building trips. The essentiality of this trip is that it will enable the team to come to terms with each other. Creating a friendship atmosphere is key when it comes to shaping the work environment into a friendly one (Van Raalte et al. 2007). The trips will also create a bond among these members allowing them to be more effective in their work positions. The new employees will become oriented into the team faster while the casual employees will gain a sense of belonging and thus develop employee loyalty. Therefore, the team building trips and excursions will be a necessary expenditure. Identify and discuss different risks for implementing any changes. A risk of implementing changes in an organization is change resistance of the employees. The main cause of change resistance are rumors which cause fear among the employees of an organization. When an employee fears for his or her job, he or she will resist the change. The resistance can be shown by the older employees refusing to show the newcomers what is expected of them (Thompson et al. 2015). That will cause the new employees to find it harder to get used to the systems. In this case, some new employees are supposed to be oriented into the gym. When the older trainers feel as if their jobs are threatened, they will refuse to accept the new members. Thus, there is a need for team cohesion which will cause the employees to view each other as comrades rather than competitors. Poor change implementation could disrupt the normal operations of the gym. When there is an abrupt overhaul of the entire system, there is a risk of confusion because the employees are not used to the new system. When there is a change, there should be phased changeover which allows for the members of the organization to adapt to the system (Filho et al. 2015). It also allows for feedback from the employees to learn about the potential shortcomings that the new system may bring. The gym will have to ensure that there are change management facilities such as suggestion boxes which will allow for the communication between the employees and the leaders. The feedback allows for the tailoring of the changes to suit the organization. References Du Plessis, T, Mabunda, T 2016, 'Change management in an academic library in the knowledge economy', South African Journal of Libraries Information Science, 82, 1, pp. 53-61. Filho, E, Tenenbaum, G, Yang, Y 2015, 'Cohesion, Team mental models, and collective efficacy: towards an integrated framework of team dynamics in sport', Journal of Sports Sciences, 33, 6, pp. 641-653 Fox, R, Keisling, B 2016, 'Build Your Program by Building Your Team: Inclusively Transforming Services, Staffing and Spaces', Journal of Library Administration, 56, 5, pp. 526-539 Million, A, S. Bossaller, J 2015, 'Strike While the Iron Is Hot: Change Management in the Context of a New Political Administration', Journal of Library Administration, 55, 2, pp. 92-113 Schneider, W, Brewster, K, Kielland, K 2015, 'Team Building on Dangerous Ice: A Study in Collaborative Learning', Arctic, 68, 3, pp. 399-404 Sencal, J, Loughead, T, Bloom, G 2008, 'A Season-Long Team-Building Intervention: Examining the Effect of Team Goal Setting on Cohesion', Journal of Sport Exercise Psychology, 30, 2, pp. 186-199 Thompson, B, Haidet, P, Borges, N, Carchedi, L, Roman, B, Townsend, M, Butler, A, Swanson, D, Anderson, M, Levine, R 2015, 'Team cohesiveness, team size and team performance in team-based learning teams', Medical Education, 49, 4, pp. 379-385 Van Raalte, J, Cornelius, A, Linder, D, Brewer, B 2007, 'the Relationship between Hazing and Team Cohesion', Journal of Sport Behavior, 30, 4, pp. 491-507.